【主谓一致的题】在英语语法中，“主谓一致”是学习者常常遇到的一个难点。它指的是句子中的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。例如，当主语是单数时，动词要用第三人称单数形式；而当主语是复数时，动词则用原形。掌握这一规则对于正确使用英语至关重要。
为了帮助大家更好地理解和记忆主谓一致的相关知识，以下是对常见主谓一致问题的总结，并通过表格形式进行分类展示。
一、主谓一致的基本原则
1. 单数主语 + 第三人称单数动词（-s 或 -es）
例：He runs every morning.
2. 复数主语 + 动词原形
例：They run every morning.
3. 不定代词如 each, every, either, neither 等作主语时，通常视为单数
例：Each of the students has a book.
4. 集合名词如 family, team, group 等，根据上下文决定单复数
例：The team is winning.（强调整体）
例：The team are arguing.（强调成员）
5. 某些以-s 结尾的学科名称或书名作主语时，通常视为单数
例：Maths is my favorite subject.
二、易混淆的主谓一致情况
| 情况 | 举例 | 正确动词形式 | 错误示例 |
| 主语为“one of + 复数名词” | One of the teachers is absent. | is | One of the teachers are absent. |
| 主语为“the number of + 复数名词” | The number of students is increasing. | is | The number of students are increasing. |
| 主语为“a number of + 复数名词” | A number of students are absent. | are | A number of students is absent. |
| 主语为“either...or...”结构 | Either the teacher or the students are responsible. | are | Either the teacher or the students is responsible. |
| 主语为“neither...nor...”结构 | Neither the boy nor the girls are coming. | are | Neither the boy nor the girls is coming. |
| 主语为“there be”句型 | There is a book on the table. | is | There are a book on the table. |
三、特殊主语与动词搭配
| 特殊主语 | 动词形式 | 说明 |
| “Many a + 单数名词” | 动词用单数 | Many a student has passed the exam. |
| “A lot of / lots of + 名词” | 根据名词单复数变化 | A lot of people are coming. / A lot of information is needed. |
| “More than one + 单数名词” | 动词用单数 | More than one person was injured. |
| “The + 形容词”表示一类人 | 动词用复数 | The poor are suffering. |
四、总结
主谓一致虽然看似简单，但在实际运用中容易出错。关键在于准确判断主语的单复数形式，并根据语境选择合适的动词形式。建议多做练习题，结合语境理解规则，才能真正掌握这一语法点。
附：主谓一致速查表（简版）
| 主语类型 | 动词形式 | 示例 |
| 单数主语 | 第三人称单数 | He goes to school. |
| 复数主语 | 原形 | They go to school. |
| 不定代词（each, every） | 单数 | Each student has a book. |
| 集合名词（team, family） | 视情况 | The team is winning. |
| 以-s结尾的学科名 | 单数 | Maths is difficult. |
| 有“a number of”结构 | 复数 | A number of people are here. |
通过不断练习和积累，主谓一致的问题将不再是难题。
